Have a blocked artery due to heart disease? Angioplasty, also called coronary angioplasty or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), can help open it up. This minimally invasive procedure widens the artery using a tiny balloon inserted and inflated at the blockage site. Sometimes, a stent gets added for good measure. This permanent, small wire mesh tube helps the artery stay open and reduces the risk of future narrowing. Different blockages require different tools. Depending on the blockage's location and severity, your doctor might choose a specific type of angioplasty along with the balloon. Here are some options: Drug-eluting stents: These stents slowly release medication to further prevent re-narrowing. Rotablation: A tiny rotating blade shaves away plaque buildup. Excimer laser angioplasty: A laser beam vaporizes the blockage. Coronary artery perforation (atherectomy): A diamond-tipped drill removes plaque. Intracoronary radiation therapy: Radiation shrinks the blockage.
Getting Ready: In the lead-up to your angioplasty, your doctor will take steps to ensure a smooth procedure. Here's what to expect: Medical History and Exam: Your doctor will review your medical history in detail and perform a thorough physical examination. Coronary Angiogram: This imaging test will likely be done to pinpoint the exact location and nature of the blockage. Fasting: You'll typically need to stop eating and drinking for 6-8 hours before the procedure. Routine Tests: Expect some routine tests like chest X-rays, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and blood tests. Medication Adjustments: Your doctor might adjust your medications before the procedure. Be sure to follow their instructions carefully. During Your Angioplasty: A Minimally Invasive Approach Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a catheter instead of major surgery. Here's a breakdown of what happens: Positioning: You'll lie comfortably on your back on the angioplasty table. Monitoring: Your vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure will be closely monitored throughout. Anesthesia: You might receive mild sedation through an IV, local anesthesia, or even general anesthesia, depending on your doctor's recommendation. Preparation: The area where the catheter will be inserted (usually the groin, arm, or abdomen) will be cleaned, sterilized, and draped. Catheter Insertion: The doctor will insert a sheath followed by a catheter into your vessels, guiding it with live X-ray images until it reaches the blockage. Visualization: A contrast dye will be injected to provide a clearer view of the blockage.
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